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- BOOKS, Page 99New Thinking
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- THE NEW RUSSIANS
- by Hedrick Smith
- Random House; 621 pages; $24.95
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- When Hedrick Smith finished a three-year reporting stint in
- the Soviet Union in 1974, he did not even dream of writing this
- book. In fact, he wrote a very different one: The Russians, a
- best seller that depicted a Soviet society mired in lies,
- corruption and fear. He was convinced, he recalls in The New
- Russians, that "fundamental change was impossible."
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- His miscalculation, like that of so many other Western
- correspondents, was to focus on the dissidents who protested
- in public and largely to ignore the disaffected millions of
- Soviet citizens who went through the motions of their jobs
- while seething with resentment. That "hidden constituency" for
- reform even included young Communist Party officials who saw
- that the society was as decrepit as its bemedaled leader,
- Leonid Brezhnev.
-
- At the center of The New Russians is the story of one
- Russian in particular, Mikhail Gorbachev. Smith deftly presents
- a biography of Gorbachev that puts him into the context of
- national malaise: clever enough to advance through the
- mediocrities of the party, honest enough to recognize the need
- for change. He believes Gorbachev has already achieved
- greatness by creating a civil society in a country where
- political passivity and dictatorship had always been the norm.
- Informal organizations at the grass roots and the emerging
- institutions of parliament, independent courts and a free press
- will eventually lead to a multiparty system. "I cannot imagine
- a new Stalinist dictatorship," Smith says. He can imagine, with
- equanimity, a Soviet Union that reorganizes itself after
- spinning off the Baltic states, Georgia, Moldavia and other
- bits.
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- Smith drives the potentially confusing narrative with such
- clarity that it all reads like an eyewitness account. Despite
- his optimism, he identifies obstacles to progress: an economy
- nearing collapse, violent nationalism and separatism, an
- obstructionist bureaucracy, a lackadaisical Russian attitude
- toward work, a "culture of envy." In spite of all that, he
- expects the patient, durable Russians to muddle through, with
- some setbacks, toward a democratic future 20 or 30 years away.
- What we have already seen he counts as nothing less than the
- second Russian Revolution.
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- By Bruce W. Nelan.
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